Mpox Strain Clade 1b: A Deadly Threat and What Travellers Need to Know
A recent report by Channel NewsAsia highlights a concerning development regarding the mpox virus, specifically a strain known as Clade 1b, which the World Health Organization (WHO) has classified as a highly dangerous and potentially deadly virus. This article provides a summary of the key takeaways from the report, with a particular focus on the implications for travellers.
An colourised transmission electron micrograph of mpox virus particles (teal) found within an infected cell (brown) cultured in the laboratory, captured at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Integrated Research Facility (IRF) in Fort Detrick, Maryland.
PHOTO: NIAID/Handout via REUTERS
Understanding Mpox and Clade 1b
Mpox, formerly known as monkeypox, is a viral disease that has gained significant attention in recent years due to its outbreaks beyond the African continent, where it was traditionally confined. The virus is closely related to the smallpox virus but is generally less severe, though still capable of causing serious illness and death.
The WHO's classification of the Clade 1b strain as a highly dangerous variant is a significant escalation in the global health community's response to the virus. This particular strain has been associated with higher mortality rates and more severe symptoms compared to other mpox strains, making it a serious public health threat.
Key Takeaways for the General Public and Travellers
Severity of the Clade 1b Strain: The Clade 1b strain has been identified as particularly virulent, with a higher fatality rate than other mpox strains. Symptoms of this strain can include fever, intense headaches, muscle aches, back pain, swollen lymph nodes, and a distinct rash that often starts on the face before spreading to other parts of the body. In severe cases, the virus can lead to complications such as pneumonia, encephalitis, and eye infections that may result in vision loss. Clade 1b causes death in about 3.6 per cent of cases, with children more at risk, according to the WHO.
Global Spread and Potential Impact on Travel: While mpox has been endemic to Central and West Africa for decades, recent outbreaks have been reported in several countries outside of Africa, raising concerns about its spread through international travel. The Clade 1b strain, in particular, has shown a capacity to spread rapidly, leading to localized outbreaks in non-endemic countries. This underscores the importance for travelers to be aware of the risks, especially when traveling to regions where recent outbreaks have been reported.
Travel Precautions and Guidelines: For travelers, especially those heading to areas with known mpox outbreaks, it is crucial to take preventive measures to reduce the risk of infection. These measures include:
Avoiding Close Contact with Infected Individuals: Mpox spreads through close contact with an infected person's skin lesions, respiratory droplets, or contaminated objects. Avoiding direct contact with people who have symptoms or are known to be infected is essential.
Practicing Good Hygiene: Frequent handwashing with soap and water, or using alcohol-based hand sanitizers, can help reduce the risk of contracting the virus. Travelers should also avoid touching their face, particularly their eyes, nose, and mouth, after contact with potentially contaminated surfaces.
Vaccination: The smallpox vaccine offers some protection against mpox, and travelers to high-risk areas should consult their healthcare providers about the possibility of getting vaccinated. Vaccination may be particularly recommended for individuals with higher exposure risks, such as healthcare workers or those in close contact with infected individuals.
Travel Disruptions and Health Monitoring: With the WHO's heightened alert regarding the Clade 1b strain, there is potential for travel disruptions as countries may impose stricter health screening measures at borders, especially in regions where outbreaks are ongoing. Travelers may be subject to health checks, including temperature screenings and possible quarantine if they are suspected of having been exposed to the virus.
Additionally, travelers should be vigilant about their health during and after their trip. If symptoms such as fever, rash, or swollen lymph nodes develop within three weeks of returning from an area with known mpox cases, it is critical to seek medical attention immediately. Early detection and isolation are key to preventing further spread of the virus.
Impact on Singapore: Singapore's Ministry of Health (MOH) has been actively monitoring the situation, with enhanced surveillance measures in place to detect and respond to any potential mpox cases. The government has also issued travel advisories for citizens, particularly those planning to visit countries where mpox outbreaks have been reported. Travelers are advised to stay informed through official channels and adhere to any health guidelines issued by the authorities.
Long-Term Outlook: The emergence of the Clade 1b strain highlights the ongoing threat posed by emerging infectious diseases in a globalized world. As travel resumes and international movement increases, the risk of mpox spreading across borders remains a significant concern. Public health authorities around the world are likely to continue monitoring the situation closely, and travelers should be prepared for possible changes in travel advisories and health regulations.
Conclusion
The WHO's classification of the Clade 1b strain of mpox as a highly dangerous and potentially deadly virus is a stark reminder of the risks posed by emerging infectious diseases. For travelers, especially those planning to visit areas with known mpox outbreaks, it is essential to take preventive measures and stay informed about the latest health guidelines. By following the recommended precautions, travelers can help protect themselves and others from this serious health threat.
As always, staying informed through reliable sources, such as official government advisories and health organizations, is crucial for safe and responsible travel. With the right precautions, it is possible to enjoy your journey while minimizing the risks associated with this deadly strain of mpox.
Source:
Channel News Asia (2024). https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/mpox-strain-clade-1b-deadly-dangerous-virus-world-health-organization-4563366
